Lire & Récréer

A register of books as made objects

Formats · Entry A · The lead entry

The Aldine octavo

Aldus Manutius put classical texts into pocket format in Venice in 1501 and had Francesco Griffo cut an italic to fit more words on a smaller page.

Read entry A

Format
Octavo · sheet folded ×3
House
Aldine Press, Venice
Type
Italic cut by Francesco Griffo
Filed by
Folio to octavo, and what the fold decides.
Title page of Erasmus's Adagia with dense italic text and an anchor-and-dolphin printer's markPL. A
An Aldine page: the italic runs as body text, not as emphasis, and the anchor-and-dolphin device stands as the buyer’s guarantee against Lyon copies.CreditErasmus Adagia, Aldine 1508 (Basel Univ Lib) · Wikimedia Commons

Six entries from the register

Filed by fold · the whole register runs to 23

Parts · Signature E

Pickwick in parts

Chapman & Hall issued it in monthly shilling numbers from 1836, and serialising changed how Dickens plotted — every twentieth page needed a reason to buy the next.

Circulation · Signature H

Mudie's Select Library

Bulk purchase and lending by the volume kept the three-decker alive long after readers wanted it, because the form suited the lender.

Price · Signature K

Ten titles at sixpence

Allen Lane priced the first ten Penguins in 1935 at the cost of a packet of cigarettes; the first was André Maurois's Ariel.

Composition · Signature N

Hand setting

Type from the case into a stick, justified by hand with spaces, locked into a forme.

The Page · Signature T

Word spacing

Latin was written scriptio continua; separating words is an invention, and silent reading becomes ordinary after it.

Binding · Signature Q

Sewn and cased

Signatures sewn through the fold open flat and survive; the case is attached afterwards.

The complete index of entries →

The key · used once

One sheet, three folds, sixteen pages

Format is arithmetic. A sheet folded once is a folio, twice a quarto, three times an octavo — and the pages have to be laid out on the flat sheet in the order the folding will put them. Every entry here is filed by that fold, and the signature letter beside each one comes from the same place.

Seven sections

Each takes one decision about a physical book

Formats

Folio to octavo, and what the fold decides.

I · 4 entries

Parts

Books issued a piece at a time.

II · 3 entries

Circulation

Who actually owned the copy.

III · 3 entries

Price

What a book cost, and to whom.

IV · 3 entries

Composition

Setting the type.

V · 3 entries

Binding

Sewn, cased, glued.

VI · 3 entries

The Page

Margins, spacing and the eye.

VII · 4 entries

Also in the register

Three entries worth the detour

Two typesetters operate large Linotype machines at their keyboards in a print shop
Linotype operators at the keyboard: the machine casts a line at a time, and a correction now costs a whole line.CreditLinotype machines, Anthony Hordern and Sons department store, c. 1935 · Wikimedia Commons

Hot metal

Linotype casts a line at a time and changes what a correction costs.

Three volumes of one novel

The three-decker

A distribution decision that became a literary form, and collapsed quickly once the libraries stopped buying.

Illuminated manuscript page with gold and blue floral headpiece above lines of Persian calligraphy

Margins

Proportioned page layouts, and why the outer margin is the widest.